What is the smallest molar volume?
$begingroup$
I wondered how small a volume a mole of material could occupy, so I started with carbon, which would need 12 grams. That's 60 carats, and there happens to be a famous 60 carat diamond.
If my density/atomic mass calculations are correct, the substances with the smallest molar volume would be nickel, carbon, beryllium, and boron, with boron being the smallest. But I had trouble finding images of large-enough beryllium or boron crystals.
Are there any compounds of sufficient density and low enough atomic mass to beat boron? Can a maximal density boron crystal be made that large?
What substance has the smallest molar volume?
density crystallography
edited 10 hours ago
Tyberius
6,89032160
asked 20 hours ago
Ed PeggEd Pegg
1415
New contributor
Ed Pegg is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
I wondered how small a volume a mole of material could occupy, so I started with carbon, which would need 12 grams. That's 60 carats, and there happens to be a famous 60 carat diamond.
If my density/atomic mass calculations are correct, the substances with the smallest molar volume would be nickel, carbon, beryllium, and boron, with boron being the smallest. But I had trouble finding images of large-enough beryllium or boron crystals.
Are there any compounds of sufficient density and low enough atomic mass to beat boron? Can a maximal density boron crystal be made that large?
What substance has the smallest molar volume?
density crystallography
edited 10 hours ago
Tyberius
6,89032160
asked 20 hours ago
Ed PeggEd Pegg
1415
New contributor
Ed Pegg is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
$endgroup$
2
$begingroup$
Apparently you are insisting on only single crystals? A mole is just a particular (large) number.
$endgroup$
– Jon Custer
20 hours ago
$begingroup$
A small number of crystals would be fine, so long as it made for a good image.
$endgroup$
– Ed Pegg
20 hours ago
7
$begingroup$
If you're asking about molar volume in standard conditions, you should call it.
$endgroup$
– Mithoron
20 hours ago
3
$begingroup$
You're really asking about the smallest molar volume, not the smallest moles per se.
$endgroup$
– MaxW
17 hours ago
2
$begingroup$
As pointed else where, diamond has the smallest molar volume ($pu {3.42 cm^3/mol}$). The other 4 of 5 smallest molar volumes are: Boron ($pu {4.39 cm^3/mol}$) < Beryllium ($pu {4.85 cm^3/mol}$) < Carbon ($pu {5.29 cm^3/mol}$) < Nickel ($pu {6.59 cm^3/mol}$) < Cobalt ($pu {6.67 cm^3/mol}$), according to Elements' Handbook. Iron and Copper are not far behind with molar volumes of $pu {7.09 cm^3/mol}$ and $pu {7.11 cm^3/mol}$, respectively.
$endgroup$
– Mathew Mahindaratne
15 hours ago
add a comment |
$begingroup$
I wondered how small a volume a mole of material could occupy, so I started with carbon, which would need 12 grams. That's 60 carats, and there happens to be a famous 60 carat diamond.
If my density/atomic mass calculations are correct, the substances with the smallest molar volume would be nickel, carbon, beryllium, and boron, with boron being the smallest. But I had trouble finding images of large-enough beryllium or boron crystals.
Are there any compounds of sufficient density and low enough atomic mass to beat boron? Can a maximal density boron crystal be made that large?
What substance has the smallest molar volume?
density crystallography
edited 10 hours ago
Tyberius
6,89032160
asked 20 hours ago
Ed PeggEd Pegg
1415
New contributor
Ed Pegg is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
$endgroup$
I wondered how small a volume a mole of material could occupy, so I started with carbon, which would need 12 grams. That's 60 carats, and there happens to be a famous 60 carat diamond.
If my density/atomic mass calculations are correct, the substances with the smallest molar volume would be nickel, carbon, beryllium, and boron, with boron being the smallest. But I had trouble finding images of large-enough beryllium or boron crystals.
Are there any compounds of sufficient density and low enough atomic mass to beat boron? Can a maximal density boron crystal be made that large?
What substance has the smallest molar volume?
density crystallography
density crystallography
edited 10 hours ago
Tyberius
6,89032160
asked 20 hours ago
Ed PeggEd Pegg
1415
New contributor
Ed Pegg is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
edited 10 hours ago
Tyberius
6,89032160
asked 20 hours ago
Ed PeggEd Pegg
1415
New contributor
Ed Pegg is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
edited 10 hours ago
Tyberius
6,89032160
edited 10 hours ago
Tyberius
6,89032160
edited 10 hours ago
Tyberius
6,89032160
6,89032160
asked 20 hours ago
Ed PeggEd Pegg
1415
New contributor
Ed Pegg is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
asked 20 hours ago
Ed PeggEd Pegg
1415
asked 20 hours ago
Ed PeggEd Pegg
1415
1415
New contributor
Ed Pegg is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
New contributor
Ed Pegg is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
Ed Pegg is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
2
$begingroup$
Apparently you are insisting on only single crystals? A mole is just a particular (large) number.
$endgroup$
– Jon Custer
20 hours ago
$begingroup$
A small number of crystals would be fine, so long as it made for a good image.
$endgroup$
– Ed Pegg
20 hours ago
7
$begingroup$
If you're asking about molar volume in standard conditions, you should call it.
$endgroup$
– Mithoron
20 hours ago
3
$begingroup$
You're really asking about the smallest molar volume, not the smallest moles per se.
$endgroup$
– MaxW
17 hours ago
2
$begingroup$
As pointed else where, diamond has the smallest molar volume ($pu {3.42 cm^3/mol}$). The other 4 of 5 smallest molar volumes are: Boron ($pu {4.39 cm^3/mol}$) < Beryllium ($pu {4.85 cm^3/mol}$) < Carbon ($pu {5.29 cm^3/mol}$) < Nickel ($pu {6.59 cm^3/mol}$) < Cobalt ($pu {6.67 cm^3/mol}$), according to Elements' Handbook. Iron and Copper are not far behind with molar volumes of $pu {7.09 cm^3/mol}$ and $pu {7.11 cm^3/mol}$, respectively.
$endgroup$
– Mathew Mahindaratne
15 hours ago
add a comment |
2
$begingroup$
Apparently you are insisting on only single crystals? A mole is just a particular (large) number.
$endgroup$
– Jon Custer
20 hours ago
$begingroup$
A small number of crystals would be fine, so long as it made for a good image.
$endgroup$
– Ed Pegg
20 hours ago
7
$begingroup$
If you're asking about molar volume in standard conditions, you should call it.
$endgroup$
– Mithoron
20 hours ago
3
$begingroup$
You're really asking about the smallest molar volume, not the smallest moles per se.
$endgroup$
– MaxW
17 hours ago
2
$begingroup$
As pointed else where, diamond has the smallest molar volume ($pu {3.42 cm^3/mol}$). The other 4 of 5 smallest molar volumes are: Boron ($pu {4.39 cm^3/mol}$) < Beryllium ($pu {4.85 cm^3/mol}$) < Carbon ($pu {5.29 cm^3/mol}$) < Nickel ($pu {6.59 cm^3/mol}$) < Cobalt ($pu {6.67 cm^3/mol}$), according to Elements' Handbook. Iron and Copper are not far behind with molar volumes of $pu {7.09 cm^3/mol}$ and $pu {7.11 cm^3/mol}$, respectively.
$endgroup$
– Mathew Mahindaratne
15 hours ago
2
2
$begingroup$
Apparently you are insisting on only single crystals? A mole is just a particular (large) number.
$endgroup$
– Jon Custer
20 hours ago
$begingroup$
Apparently you are insisting on only single crystals? A mole is just a particular (large) number.
$endgroup$
– Jon Custer
20 hours ago
$begingroup$
A small number of crystals would be fine, so long as it made for a good image.
$endgroup$
– Ed Pegg
20 hours ago
$begingroup$
A small number of crystals would be fine, so long as it made for a good image.
$endgroup$
– Ed Pegg
20 hours ago
7
7
$begingroup$
If you're asking about molar volume in standard conditions, you should call it.
$endgroup$
– Mithoron
20 hours ago
$begingroup$
If you're asking about molar volume in standard conditions, you should call it.
$endgroup$
– Mithoron
20 hours ago
3
3
$begingroup$
You're really asking about the smallest molar volume, not the smallest moles per se.
$endgroup$
– MaxW
17 hours ago
$begingroup$
You're really asking about the smallest molar volume, not the smallest moles per se.
$endgroup$
– MaxW
17 hours ago
2
2
$begingroup$
As pointed else where, diamond has the smallest molar volume ($pu {3.42 cm^3/mol}$). The other 4 of 5 smallest molar volumes are: Boron ($pu {4.39 cm^3/mol}$) < Beryllium ($pu {4.85 cm^3/mol}$) < Carbon ($pu {5.29 cm^3/mol}$) < Nickel ($pu {6.59 cm^3/mol}$) < Cobalt ($pu {6.67 cm^3/mol}$), according to Elements' Handbook. Iron and Copper are not far behind with molar volumes of $pu {7.09 cm^3/mol}$ and $pu {7.11 cm^3/mol}$, respectively.
$endgroup$
– Mathew Mahindaratne
15 hours ago
$begingroup$
As pointed else where, diamond has the smallest molar volume ($pu {3.42 cm^3/mol}$). The other 4 of 5 smallest molar volumes are: Boron ($pu {4.39 cm^3/mol}$) < Beryllium ($pu {4.85 cm^3/mol}$) < Carbon ($pu {5.29 cm^3/mol}$) < Nickel ($pu {6.59 cm^3/mol}$) < Cobalt ($pu {6.67 cm^3/mol}$), according to Elements' Handbook. Iron and Copper are not far behind with molar volumes of $pu {7.09 cm^3/mol}$ and $pu {7.11 cm^3/mol}$, respectively.
$endgroup$
– Mathew Mahindaratne
15 hours ago
add a comment |
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
Boron is a covalent solid with high melting point, like diamond (though not quite), and hence its crystals are hard to make. Unlike diamond crystals, they are not nice and probably wouldn't make a great display.
The table on http://periodictable.com/Properties/A/MolarVolume.v.log.html seems to corroborate your findings about boron molar volume being the smallest among all elements. Pity it's wrong, and so are you. (Or rather, it is technically right, but in a way that conveys the wrong impression.) Some elements just tend to have multiple polymorphs (allotropes in the case of elements), and carbon is one of them. All data in the standard tables are for the standard polymorph, which is graphite. But diamond at $3.5 ce{g/cm^3}$ is much denser, and decisively beats boron in the contest for the smallest molar volume.
Sometimes it takes walking around the world to realize that the aim of your quest has been in your pocket all along. The picture of the "smallest mole" is the one you brought here.
So it goes.
edited 13 hours ago
NH.
1034
answered 20 hours ago
Ivan NeretinIvan Neretin
23.4k34889
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
A mole of neutrons in a neutron star would take up about $10^{-20}$ m$^3$. And in a black hole, they would be even smaller.
answered 17 hours ago
AcccumulationAcccumulation
41412
$endgroup$
1
$begingroup$
For completeness, metallic hydrogen is predicted to have a metastable state that would exist at standard temp and pressure (after forming at very high pressure) and would occupy a smaller volume per mole than diamond.
$endgroup$
– Andrew
51 mins ago
add a comment |
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2 Answers
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active
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2 Answers
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active
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active
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$begingroup$
Boron is a covalent solid with high melting point, like diamond (though not quite), and hence its crystals are hard to make. Unlike diamond crystals, they are not nice and probably wouldn't make a great display.
The table on http://periodictable.com/Properties/A/MolarVolume.v.log.html seems to corroborate your findings about boron molar volume being the smallest among all elements. Pity it's wrong, and so are you. (Or rather, it is technically right, but in a way that conveys the wrong impression.) Some elements just tend to have multiple polymorphs (allotropes in the case of elements), and carbon is one of them. All data in the standard tables are for the standard polymorph, which is graphite. But diamond at $3.5 ce{g/cm^3}$ is much denser, and decisively beats boron in the contest for the smallest molar volume.
Sometimes it takes walking around the world to realize that the aim of your quest has been in your pocket all along. The picture of the "smallest mole" is the one you brought here.
So it goes.
edited 13 hours ago
NH.
1034
answered 20 hours ago
Ivan NeretinIvan Neretin
23.4k34889
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Boron is a covalent solid with high melting point, like diamond (though not quite), and hence its crystals are hard to make. Unlike diamond crystals, they are not nice and probably wouldn't make a great display.
The table on http://periodictable.com/Properties/A/MolarVolume.v.log.html seems to corroborate your findings about boron molar volume being the smallest among all elements. Pity it's wrong, and so are you. (Or rather, it is technically right, but in a way that conveys the wrong impression.) Some elements just tend to have multiple polymorphs (allotropes in the case of elements), and carbon is one of them. All data in the standard tables are for the standard polymorph, which is graphite. But diamond at $3.5 ce{g/cm^3}$ is much denser, and decisively beats boron in the contest for the smallest molar volume.
Sometimes it takes walking around the world to realize that the aim of your quest has been in your pocket all along. The picture of the "smallest mole" is the one you brought here.
So it goes.
edited 13 hours ago
NH.
1034
answered 20 hours ago
Ivan NeretinIvan Neretin
23.4k34889
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Boron is a covalent solid with high melting point, like diamond (though not quite), and hence its crystals are hard to make. Unlike diamond crystals, they are not nice and probably wouldn't make a great display.
The table on http://periodictable.com/Properties/A/MolarVolume.v.log.html seems to corroborate your findings about boron molar volume being the smallest among all elements. Pity it's wrong, and so are you. (Or rather, it is technically right, but in a way that conveys the wrong impression.) Some elements just tend to have multiple polymorphs (allotropes in the case of elements), and carbon is one of them. All data in the standard tables are for the standard polymorph, which is graphite. But diamond at $3.5 ce{g/cm^3}$ is much denser, and decisively beats boron in the contest for the smallest molar volume.
Sometimes it takes walking around the world to realize that the aim of your quest has been in your pocket all along. The picture of the "smallest mole" is the one you brought here.
So it goes.
edited 13 hours ago
NH.
1034
answered 20 hours ago
Ivan NeretinIvan Neretin
23.4k34889
$endgroup$
Boron is a covalent solid with high melting point, like diamond (though not quite), and hence its crystals are hard to make. Unlike diamond crystals, they are not nice and probably wouldn't make a great display.
The table on http://periodictable.com/Properties/A/MolarVolume.v.log.html seems to corroborate your findings about boron molar volume being the smallest among all elements. Pity it's wrong, and so are you. (Or rather, it is technically right, but in a way that conveys the wrong impression.) Some elements just tend to have multiple polymorphs (allotropes in the case of elements), and carbon is one of them. All data in the standard tables are for the standard polymorph, which is graphite. But diamond at $3.5 ce{g/cm^3}$ is much denser, and decisively beats boron in the contest for the smallest molar volume.
Sometimes it takes walking around the world to realize that the aim of your quest has been in your pocket all along. The picture of the "smallest mole" is the one you brought here.
So it goes.
edited 13 hours ago
NH.
1034
answered 20 hours ago
Ivan NeretinIvan Neretin
23.4k34889
edited 13 hours ago
NH.
1034
edited 13 hours ago
NH.
1034
edited 13 hours ago
NH.
1034
1034
answered 20 hours ago
Ivan NeretinIvan Neretin
23.4k34889
answered 20 hours ago
Ivan NeretinIvan Neretin
23.4k34889
answered 20 hours ago
Ivan NeretinIvan Neretin
23.4k34889
23.4k34889
add a comment |
add a comment |
$begingroup$
A mole of neutrons in a neutron star would take up about $10^{-20}$ m$^3$. And in a black hole, they would be even smaller.
answered 17 hours ago
AcccumulationAcccumulation
41412
$endgroup$
1
$begingroup$
For completeness, metallic hydrogen is predicted to have a metastable state that would exist at standard temp and pressure (after forming at very high pressure) and would occupy a smaller volume per mole than diamond.
$endgroup$
– Andrew
51 mins ago
add a comment |
$begingroup$
A mole of neutrons in a neutron star would take up about $10^{-20}$ m$^3$. And in a black hole, they would be even smaller.
answered 17 hours ago
AcccumulationAcccumulation
41412
$endgroup$
1
$begingroup$
For completeness, metallic hydrogen is predicted to have a metastable state that would exist at standard temp and pressure (after forming at very high pressure) and would occupy a smaller volume per mole than diamond.
$endgroup$
– Andrew
51 mins ago
add a comment |
$begingroup$
A mole of neutrons in a neutron star would take up about $10^{-20}$ m$^3$. And in a black hole, they would be even smaller.
answered 17 hours ago
AcccumulationAcccumulation
41412
$endgroup$
A mole of neutrons in a neutron star would take up about $10^{-20}$ m$^3$. And in a black hole, they would be even smaller.
answered 17 hours ago
AcccumulationAcccumulation
41412
answered 17 hours ago
AcccumulationAcccumulation
41412
answered 17 hours ago
AcccumulationAcccumulation
41412
answered 17 hours ago
AcccumulationAcccumulation
41412
41412
1
$begingroup$
For completeness, metallic hydrogen is predicted to have a metastable state that would exist at standard temp and pressure (after forming at very high pressure) and would occupy a smaller volume per mole than diamond.
$endgroup$
– Andrew
51 mins ago
add a comment |
1
$begingroup$
For completeness, metallic hydrogen is predicted to have a metastable state that would exist at standard temp and pressure (after forming at very high pressure) and would occupy a smaller volume per mole than diamond.
$endgroup$
– Andrew
51 mins ago
1
1
$begingroup$
For completeness, metallic hydrogen is predicted to have a metastable state that would exist at standard temp and pressure (after forming at very high pressure) and would occupy a smaller volume per mole than diamond.
$endgroup$
– Andrew
51 mins ago
$begingroup$
For completeness, metallic hydrogen is predicted to have a metastable state that would exist at standard temp and pressure (after forming at very high pressure) and would occupy a smaller volume per mole than diamond.
$endgroup$
– Andrew
51 mins ago
add a comment |
Ed Pegg is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
Ed Pegg is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
Ed Pegg is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
Ed Pegg is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
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2
$begingroup$
Apparently you are insisting on only single crystals? A mole is just a particular (large) number.
$endgroup$
– Jon Custer
20 hours ago
$begingroup$
A small number of crystals would be fine, so long as it made for a good image.
$endgroup$
– Ed Pegg
20 hours ago
7
$begingroup$
If you're asking about molar volume in standard conditions, you should call it.
$endgroup$
– Mithoron
20 hours ago
3
$begingroup$
You're really asking about the smallest molar volume, not the smallest moles per se.
$endgroup$
– MaxW
17 hours ago
2
$begingroup$
As pointed else where, diamond has the smallest molar volume ($pu {3.42 cm^3/mol}$). The other 4 of 5 smallest molar volumes are: Boron ($pu {4.39 cm^3/mol}$) < Beryllium ($pu {4.85 cm^3/mol}$) < Carbon ($pu {5.29 cm^3/mol}$) < Nickel ($pu {6.59 cm^3/mol}$) < Cobalt ($pu {6.67 cm^3/mol}$), according to Elements' Handbook. Iron and Copper are not far behind with molar volumes of $pu {7.09 cm^3/mol}$ and $pu {7.11 cm^3/mol}$, respectively.
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– Mathew Mahindaratne
15 hours ago