Who first introduced the pushdown automaton?












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I'm interested in learning more about the history of automata theory and have tracked down many of the original papers on Turing machines, finite automata, and the like. However, I'm having trouble finding a source that first introduces pushdown automata. Who first developed them, and what was the context?










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  • $begingroup$
    One possibility is S. GINSBURG, S. GREIBACH, AND M. HARRISON, "Stack Automata and Compiling." JACM 14, 172-201 (1967).
    $endgroup$
    – Yuval Filmus
    5 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    @YuvalFilmus I had started off with that paper, but the opening paragraph begins by discussing pushdown automata as though the reader is already familiar with them.
    $endgroup$
    – templatetypedef
    4 hours ago
















5












$begingroup$


I'm interested in learning more about the history of automata theory and have tracked down many of the original papers on Turing machines, finite automata, and the like. However, I'm having trouble finding a source that first introduces pushdown automata. Who first developed them, and what was the context?










share|cite|improve this question









$endgroup$












  • $begingroup$
    One possibility is S. GINSBURG, S. GREIBACH, AND M. HARRISON, "Stack Automata and Compiling." JACM 14, 172-201 (1967).
    $endgroup$
    – Yuval Filmus
    5 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    @YuvalFilmus I had started off with that paper, but the opening paragraph begins by discussing pushdown automata as though the reader is already familiar with them.
    $endgroup$
    – templatetypedef
    4 hours ago














5












5








5


1



$begingroup$


I'm interested in learning more about the history of automata theory and have tracked down many of the original papers on Turing machines, finite automata, and the like. However, I'm having trouble finding a source that first introduces pushdown automata. Who first developed them, and what was the context?










share|cite|improve this question









$endgroup$




I'm interested in learning more about the history of automata theory and have tracked down many of the original papers on Turing machines, finite automata, and the like. However, I'm having trouble finding a source that first introduces pushdown automata. Who first developed them, and what was the context?







pushdown-automata history






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asked 5 hours ago









templatetypedeftemplatetypedef

5,53911843




5,53911843












  • $begingroup$
    One possibility is S. GINSBURG, S. GREIBACH, AND M. HARRISON, "Stack Automata and Compiling." JACM 14, 172-201 (1967).
    $endgroup$
    – Yuval Filmus
    5 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    @YuvalFilmus I had started off with that paper, but the opening paragraph begins by discussing pushdown automata as though the reader is already familiar with them.
    $endgroup$
    – templatetypedef
    4 hours ago


















  • $begingroup$
    One possibility is S. GINSBURG, S. GREIBACH, AND M. HARRISON, "Stack Automata and Compiling." JACM 14, 172-201 (1967).
    $endgroup$
    – Yuval Filmus
    5 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    @YuvalFilmus I had started off with that paper, but the opening paragraph begins by discussing pushdown automata as though the reader is already familiar with them.
    $endgroup$
    – templatetypedef
    4 hours ago
















$begingroup$
One possibility is S. GINSBURG, S. GREIBACH, AND M. HARRISON, "Stack Automata and Compiling." JACM 14, 172-201 (1967).
$endgroup$
– Yuval Filmus
5 hours ago




$begingroup$
One possibility is S. GINSBURG, S. GREIBACH, AND M. HARRISON, "Stack Automata and Compiling." JACM 14, 172-201 (1967).
$endgroup$
– Yuval Filmus
5 hours ago












$begingroup$
@YuvalFilmus I had started off with that paper, but the opening paragraph begins by discussing pushdown automata as though the reader is already familiar with them.
$endgroup$
– templatetypedef
4 hours ago




$begingroup$
@YuvalFilmus I had started off with that paper, but the opening paragraph begins by discussing pushdown automata as though the reader is already familiar with them.
$endgroup$
– templatetypedef
4 hours ago










1 Answer
1






active

oldest

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3












$begingroup$

Ginsburg (in his book The Mathematical Theory of Context-Free Languages, McGraw-Hill, 1966) states in the Historical References (Section 2.7, page 81):




Pushdown acceptors were first formalized by Chomsky [Ch5] and Evey
[Ev], although the notion of a pushdown tape has been used since 1954.




[Ch5] N.Chomsky, context-free grammars and pushdown storage, MIT Res. Lab. Electron. Quart. Prog. Rept. 65, 1962.



[Ev] R.J.Evey, The theory and applications of pushdown store machines, Mathematical Linguistics and Automatic Translation, Harvard Univ. Computation Lab. Rept. NSF-IO, May, 1963.



The context can be read from the Preface of the same book.




The concept of a context-free language was first introduced by Chomsky
in 1959 in an attempt to find a reasonable mathematical model of
natural language such as English, French, etc. In the period
1959-1960, several papers developing the theory were written. In the
late 1960, it was discovered that the "ALGOL-like" languages, that is,
the languages defined by Backus normal form (the metalanguage used to
describe the widely publicized programming language ALGOL-60), where
identical with the context-free languages. Since then, there has been
a flurry of activity in the theoretical development of context-free
languages. Much of this work has been done by those concerned either
with natural languages in connection with computers, or with
programming languages. The remainder has been by mathematicians and
logicians intrigued by the inherent problems, techniques, and results.
This activity has been given birth to a number of theoretical results
of concern to computer science, and especially to programming
technology. For example, we have the characterization of a
context-free language in terms of a pushdown acceptor (a device used
in the parsing aspect of compiling). [...]







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    1 Answer
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    1 Answer
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    3












    $begingroup$

    Ginsburg (in his book The Mathematical Theory of Context-Free Languages, McGraw-Hill, 1966) states in the Historical References (Section 2.7, page 81):




    Pushdown acceptors were first formalized by Chomsky [Ch5] and Evey
    [Ev], although the notion of a pushdown tape has been used since 1954.




    [Ch5] N.Chomsky, context-free grammars and pushdown storage, MIT Res. Lab. Electron. Quart. Prog. Rept. 65, 1962.



    [Ev] R.J.Evey, The theory and applications of pushdown store machines, Mathematical Linguistics and Automatic Translation, Harvard Univ. Computation Lab. Rept. NSF-IO, May, 1963.



    The context can be read from the Preface of the same book.




    The concept of a context-free language was first introduced by Chomsky
    in 1959 in an attempt to find a reasonable mathematical model of
    natural language such as English, French, etc. In the period
    1959-1960, several papers developing the theory were written. In the
    late 1960, it was discovered that the "ALGOL-like" languages, that is,
    the languages defined by Backus normal form (the metalanguage used to
    describe the widely publicized programming language ALGOL-60), where
    identical with the context-free languages. Since then, there has been
    a flurry of activity in the theoretical development of context-free
    languages. Much of this work has been done by those concerned either
    with natural languages in connection with computers, or with
    programming languages. The remainder has been by mathematicians and
    logicians intrigued by the inherent problems, techniques, and results.
    This activity has been given birth to a number of theoretical results
    of concern to computer science, and especially to programming
    technology. For example, we have the characterization of a
    context-free language in terms of a pushdown acceptor (a device used
    in the parsing aspect of compiling). [...]







    share|cite|improve this answer











    $endgroup$


















      3












      $begingroup$

      Ginsburg (in his book The Mathematical Theory of Context-Free Languages, McGraw-Hill, 1966) states in the Historical References (Section 2.7, page 81):




      Pushdown acceptors were first formalized by Chomsky [Ch5] and Evey
      [Ev], although the notion of a pushdown tape has been used since 1954.




      [Ch5] N.Chomsky, context-free grammars and pushdown storage, MIT Res. Lab. Electron. Quart. Prog. Rept. 65, 1962.



      [Ev] R.J.Evey, The theory and applications of pushdown store machines, Mathematical Linguistics and Automatic Translation, Harvard Univ. Computation Lab. Rept. NSF-IO, May, 1963.



      The context can be read from the Preface of the same book.




      The concept of a context-free language was first introduced by Chomsky
      in 1959 in an attempt to find a reasonable mathematical model of
      natural language such as English, French, etc. In the period
      1959-1960, several papers developing the theory were written. In the
      late 1960, it was discovered that the "ALGOL-like" languages, that is,
      the languages defined by Backus normal form (the metalanguage used to
      describe the widely publicized programming language ALGOL-60), where
      identical with the context-free languages. Since then, there has been
      a flurry of activity in the theoretical development of context-free
      languages. Much of this work has been done by those concerned either
      with natural languages in connection with computers, or with
      programming languages. The remainder has been by mathematicians and
      logicians intrigued by the inherent problems, techniques, and results.
      This activity has been given birth to a number of theoretical results
      of concern to computer science, and especially to programming
      technology. For example, we have the characterization of a
      context-free language in terms of a pushdown acceptor (a device used
      in the parsing aspect of compiling). [...]







      share|cite|improve this answer











      $endgroup$
















        3












        3








        3





        $begingroup$

        Ginsburg (in his book The Mathematical Theory of Context-Free Languages, McGraw-Hill, 1966) states in the Historical References (Section 2.7, page 81):




        Pushdown acceptors were first formalized by Chomsky [Ch5] and Evey
        [Ev], although the notion of a pushdown tape has been used since 1954.




        [Ch5] N.Chomsky, context-free grammars and pushdown storage, MIT Res. Lab. Electron. Quart. Prog. Rept. 65, 1962.



        [Ev] R.J.Evey, The theory and applications of pushdown store machines, Mathematical Linguistics and Automatic Translation, Harvard Univ. Computation Lab. Rept. NSF-IO, May, 1963.



        The context can be read from the Preface of the same book.




        The concept of a context-free language was first introduced by Chomsky
        in 1959 in an attempt to find a reasonable mathematical model of
        natural language such as English, French, etc. In the period
        1959-1960, several papers developing the theory were written. In the
        late 1960, it was discovered that the "ALGOL-like" languages, that is,
        the languages defined by Backus normal form (the metalanguage used to
        describe the widely publicized programming language ALGOL-60), where
        identical with the context-free languages. Since then, there has been
        a flurry of activity in the theoretical development of context-free
        languages. Much of this work has been done by those concerned either
        with natural languages in connection with computers, or with
        programming languages. The remainder has been by mathematicians and
        logicians intrigued by the inherent problems, techniques, and results.
        This activity has been given birth to a number of theoretical results
        of concern to computer science, and especially to programming
        technology. For example, we have the characterization of a
        context-free language in terms of a pushdown acceptor (a device used
        in the parsing aspect of compiling). [...]







        share|cite|improve this answer











        $endgroup$



        Ginsburg (in his book The Mathematical Theory of Context-Free Languages, McGraw-Hill, 1966) states in the Historical References (Section 2.7, page 81):




        Pushdown acceptors were first formalized by Chomsky [Ch5] and Evey
        [Ev], although the notion of a pushdown tape has been used since 1954.




        [Ch5] N.Chomsky, context-free grammars and pushdown storage, MIT Res. Lab. Electron. Quart. Prog. Rept. 65, 1962.



        [Ev] R.J.Evey, The theory and applications of pushdown store machines, Mathematical Linguistics and Automatic Translation, Harvard Univ. Computation Lab. Rept. NSF-IO, May, 1963.



        The context can be read from the Preface of the same book.




        The concept of a context-free language was first introduced by Chomsky
        in 1959 in an attempt to find a reasonable mathematical model of
        natural language such as English, French, etc. In the period
        1959-1960, several papers developing the theory were written. In the
        late 1960, it was discovered that the "ALGOL-like" languages, that is,
        the languages defined by Backus normal form (the metalanguage used to
        describe the widely publicized programming language ALGOL-60), where
        identical with the context-free languages. Since then, there has been
        a flurry of activity in the theoretical development of context-free
        languages. Much of this work has been done by those concerned either
        with natural languages in connection with computers, or with
        programming languages. The remainder has been by mathematicians and
        logicians intrigued by the inherent problems, techniques, and results.
        This activity has been given birth to a number of theoretical results
        of concern to computer science, and especially to programming
        technology. For example, we have the characterization of a
        context-free language in terms of a pushdown acceptor (a device used
        in the parsing aspect of compiling). [...]








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        edited 2 hours ago

























        answered 4 hours ago









        Hendrik JanHendrik Jan

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